The Effect Of Plant Richness On The Insect Community

The purpose of this study was to compare the insects of the meadow with insects of the wooden area. Hadded (2001) previously conducted an experiment on the effect of plant richness on the insect community in the meadows. He found that three type of results were present; some created abundance, some were unaffected and some had a positive effect on the plant’s richness. It was found that insects do contribute to its community and help with the growth of its habitat. The habitat in the meadow area has different insects than the wooden area, due to the different type of grass, temperature, water availability and more. To examine the species that live in the area, many different type of experiments had to be conducted. Different areas affect the species and insects that reside there. As an example, butterflies are affected by their habitat and landscape area. Liivmagi (2014) examined how much area butterflies needed and compared the positive and negative impacts of each area. Their expectation was different than reality, even though there was a positive interaction between the butterflies and the space of the forest, the meadow that’s surrounding the area is negatively impacted by the butterflies. Their results were to conduct the experiment and examine what the butterflies’ needs and what area will they be better suited. The meadow area that was examined had tall grasses all the way down the hill, as for the wooden area, it was surrounded by trees that block the sun and isShow MoreRelatedThe Biodiversity At Lido Beach3355 Words   |  14 Pagesconclusions. Nonetheless, it provided valuable information on the subject of the study. The results for the entire class data indicated that for richness, there was a positive correlation between the family richness of the samples and the distance from the path. Specific results for one group for each sample point indicated that for richness, there was more richness observed near the path than away from it. For evenness, the results indicated that as the distance from the path increased, the evennessRead MoreThe Degradation Of Coastal Wetlands2406 Words   |  10 Pagesal. 2012). It is estimated that coastal wetlands are being lost at the rate of two times the rate at which they are being restored. Salt marshes are found amid human developments and coastal areas and play an important role in protecting these communities from the threats posed by being close to the coast. Depending on the density of vegetation, production of biomass, and the size of the marsh, salt marshes provide many critical ecosystem services, such as, stabilization of the shoreline, weakeningRead MoreUnderstanding The Condition Of Basalt Quarry1451 Words   |  6 PagesCurrently quarry has been stoped there, but it disturbed the natural ecology environment, which was present there before quarry. Because of quarry barren land and degraded land is left, which has no meaning. The soil condition also degraded there, which effect the growth of trees. 41 hectares is the total area of exhausted quarry. The M/S Prabhakar P.Bhagwat associate, a landscape firm have been taken the responsibility to improve the ecosystem. Bhagwat associate have the responsibility to recreate theRead MoreThe Effects Of Long Term Indu strial Pollution1378 Words   |  6 PagesWe examined the effects of long-term industrial pollution, characterized by elevated soil concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, on the abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities in grass strips along the edges of farmland at various distances from an industrial complex in the Al-Tebbin region of South Cairo, Egypt. Six sites up to 10 km upwind from the main sources of industrial pollution were selected. Grasshoppers were collected monthly from June to October in 2012 and 2013 by sweep-netRead MoreLand Pollution : The Solutions, Causes And Effects Of Land Pollution1613 Words   |  7 Pagespollution) on a broad scale, relating things to the whole world. As we get deeper into our topic we will go more in depth into how land pollution affects our community and how we can relate to it in our everyday life. The main questions that we will be answering in this paper is;what is land pollution?, what are the causes and effects of land pollution?, what are the different types of land pollution?, and how can we prevent land pollution? According to eschooltoday.com, Land pollutionRead MoreBiodiversity. Biodiversity Is The Variability Among Living1684 Words   |  7 Pageseach species that live in a location. These countless species of plants, animals, and microbes affect our daily life in more ways than we know. Species diversity is truly a magnificent process since all species are connected one way or another continuing the cycle of life. Providing us with energy converted from sunlight and much more.There are over 1.8 million different species sustaining life on Earth, from which 1 million are insects! The main spot for species diversity is in tropical rainforestsRead MoreThe s Health And The General Economy1576 Words   |  7 Pagesfor any reason it happened, the Pro-GMO reassured the delegates and myself that there will be no contamination. According to Roller (2001), â€Å"Field studies have shown that pollen from GM plants is rarely carried over very long distances† (p. 261). Outcrossing from GM plants to local crops have an indirect effect on food safety and security. By adopting strategies such as an explicit separation of the field within GM crops and local crops that are grown or using greenhouses can decrease the probabilityRead MoreThe s Health And The General Economy1628 Words   |  7 Pagesfor any reason it happened, the Pro-GMO reassured the delegates and myself that there will be no contamination. According to Roller (2001), â€Å"Field studies have shown that pollen from GM plants is rarely carried over very long distances† (p. 261). Outcrossing from GM plants to local crops have an indirect effect on food safety and security. By adopting strategies such as a clear separation of the field within GM crops and local crops that are grown or using greenhouses can decrease the probabilityRead MoreThe Impact Of Fragmentation Process On Genetic Diversity And Gene Flow1418 Words   |  6 Pagesavoid displacement to begin with (Begon et al., 2005). Forest fragmentation has three main effects on species diversity a) Reduction of overall numbers of individuals b) Reduction of mean population sizes as individuals are restricted to small fragments c) Spatial isolation of remaining populations within a non-forest-like land use matrix. The genetic results of these changes are mediated by their effects on the main genetic processes of genetic drift, gene flow, selection and mating. These processesRead MoreThe Effects Of Deforestation And Agriculture On The Natural System1891 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effect of Deforestation and Agriculture on The Natural System The Earth is full of natural resources and it was generous enough to sustain life for living organisms on it for many years. By the technological advancement of the last two centuries and the exponential population growth, Humans needed to dig deeper in oceans and plant more land to sustain life on earth. Agriculture helped sustaining people’s needs in many fields and mankind relied on it for years. Human’s greed to get the maximum

Evolution

Search Of A Life By Erin T - 1499 Words

In Search of a Life†¦ by Erin T. #30 You and your family are peasant farmers, and considered second class in China’s social levels. People treat you and your family with respect because you plant food for them to eat, a necessity for life. People are very thankful for people like you. Your family consists of four: your father, who has a deep, rumbling voice and a strong body-build from years of farming; your mother, who has long black hair and a slender body; your sister, Xiao-Yun, whose name means Little Cloud and is in every way like one; and you. You love your family, and work hard alongside your father to make a living and support your small family. You usually have good crops, to eat and to sell and trade. Your father knows all the best crops to plant at the right times, and knows when the weather will change. He can barter and trade the crops when needed. However, this year, there has been a terrible drought, and all the crops have withered. Without the crops, your family will starve without food and income! What will you do? If you decide to stay, turn to page 2. If you try to find a new job, turn to page 3. You decide to stay at home at help out around the house. The drought can’t last very long, you think. It will rain soon. The longest drought that ever happened was in the Shang Dynasty, when many merchants thrived, because of a terrible emperor. You pray to the gods for rain and sun, and you also pray for theShow MoreRelatedEssay on A WOMAN DOING LIFE NOTES3059 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ CHAPTER 2: When ERIN is send to prison, where she is supposed to live for the rest of her life She is impress on how different is from what she thought it would be She is careful with people, because of what she lived while in jail She had adopted a strategy of PSYCHOLOGICAL DENIAL in jail 603 years she faced with denial to settle into a new routine in that new world She had reached a dead end: she is not going anywhere She pretend to be well, a lifesaving lie that leads to her acceptance of herRead MoreThe Liberal Arts: Creating a Citizen for a Community Near You1497 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter society. Liberal Arts try to grasp the knowledge and skills humans have used to rationally understand human existence for thousands of years. By creating culturally diverse campuses and studying topics like philosophy; students learn to question life, question society, and find answers to what it means to be a good person. All of these innovations together along with better informed and intelligent students help form societies focused on equality and the future of human civilization. TraditionallyRead MoreThe Body Image Of A Woman1177 Words   |  5 PagesDissatisfaction with bodies). Anorexia Nervosa is a dangerous eating disorder that consists of self starvation and excessive weight loss. Although approximately 95% of the people who suffer from anorexia are females between the ages 15- 20, this life threatening illness does affect males as well (Anorexia Nervosa). While the average U.S. child watches roughly about 15-20 hours of television a week, the individuals are bombarded with around 30,000 television commercials a year. With that being saidRead MoreNursing Interventions For The Management Of Patient Fatigue1025 Words   |  5 Pages 1. List the source in APA style and format Reference: Erin, P., Wan, Yi, Wan, T., Sidini, S. (2012). Nonpharmacological nursing interventions for the management of patient fatigue: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 2668–2678. doi: 10.1111/jocn.12211 2. Is the review thorough—does it include all of the major studies on the topic? Does it include recent research? Are studies from other related disciplines included, if appropriate? (25 points) The reviewers were thorough becauseRead MorePrivacy Issues Of Data Mining And Data Publishing1404 Words   |  6 Pagespreferences of an individual in movies, food and clothes to all the sensitive and confidential data like relationship status and credit card details of an individual. This almost pile up the database containing all the information about an individual’s life from education, age, e-mail address to driver’s license number, social security number, physical attributes, etc. With such a wide proliferation of sensitive information being mined at an enormous rate every day by organizations, increasing concernRead MoreEffects Of Glaciers On The Environment1071 Words   |  5 Pageslargest impacts we see in our world is glaciers retreating at a pace that seems unstoppable. As the glaciers retreat we see the surrounding ecosystems changing with them. The water put off into the oceans impacts not only molecules in the water but the life within it. As glaciers ret reat more and more questions arise but one pressing factor is how it is affecting entire surrounding regions. It is questionable to see if some species are adapting to the receding of glaciers or if populations are directlyRead MorePersonal Statement : Top Executive1508 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch and the information I found, I still believe that I am suited for an occupation as a top executive in the business field. From where I am now, to where I hope to be, I will have to put in a great amount of effort. I have a big plan for my life that I hope to follow into a nice career where I will be happy. It will be very hard and there will be many steps but I will do whatever it takes to reach the goals that I have set for myself. As of right now I am already accepted into the school ofRead MoreEquality Between Men and Women1499 Words   |  6 PagesEquality is a concept mankind never is able to grasp correctly. Of course humans will always search for different solutions to create fairness, but factors such as human greed, ignorance of mass populations, and even biological aspects stagnates the process of equality. The oldest and most relevant discussion on equality lies with the difference of sex; man versus woman. Initially, men, because of their physical superiority, were given the prospects many women never even dreamt to have. ConverselyRead MoreProduct Identification And Background Of Buying A Cellphone Essay1904 Words   |  8 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦ 2 2.1 Theory of need recognition 2.2 Applying in product 3. INFORMATION SEARCH †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 3.1 Theory of information search 3.2 Applying in product 4. EVALUATION SEARCH †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 4 4.1 Theory of evaluation search 4.2 Applying in product 5. PURCHASE DECISION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreGoodbye Eulogy Essay2007 Words   |  9 Pagesstraightener about ten times to bump up the temperature three notches. As I wait for it to heat up, I go back into my room and pick out my outfit. Since we are going to be outside walking around and moving Jillian into her dorm room, I decide to wear a t-shirt and shorts. My shirt is the color of blue that is the bottom layer of a bomb pop that you would eat on the Fourth of July, and my shorts are as black as the night sky without stars in sight. I roam back to the bathroom to finish my hair. I put

A Theoretical Framework For Recruiting Asian American...

States, law enforcement agencies must search beyond traditional methods to attract potential Asian-American police candidates (Crump, 2011). It is not to say that traditional methods of recruiting are ineffective in today’s 21st century policing, but rather, law enforcement agencies must utilize both traditional and non-traditional methods to recruit and hire the most qualified Asian-Americans. By analyzing, assessing, evaluating, and combining the works of several law enforcement scholars regarding community- oriented policing, this thesis will develop a theoretical framework for recruiting Asian-Americans towards a career in law enforcement. The theoretical framework provided will address the challenges of recruiting a diverse police workforce. Furthermore, it will bring forth questions and hypothesis relevant to possible strategies for accomplishing issues pertaining to minority recruitment and retention. Community-oriented policing is utilized as a conceptual framework tha t will show the importance of the relationship between Asian communities and law enforcement agencies (Hanser Gomila, 2015). Research Hypotheses or Questions The United States is a culturally diverse nation; therefore, police officers are expected to interact with citizens in a professional manner which includes but is not limited to the following: (1) understanding various backgrounds; (2) cultures; (3) religions; (4) and ethnicities. Misunderstanding an ethnic culture occurs when officers are notShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Diversifying Police Agencies And Selection773 Words   |  4 Pagesthe cause of countless police/immigrant community confrontations, and that in return diminishes the chances of recruiting Asian-American candidates towards a career in law enforcement. Purpose of the Study The objective of this thesis is to provide comprehensive information to all stakeholders who have an interest in enhancing minority recruitment and selection. The goal of this thesis is to address law enforcement professionals about the importance of diversifying police agencies; more importantlyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTEXT OF HRM Equal Employment Opportunity 56 Employee Rights and Discipline 84 PART 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 STAFFING THE ORGANIZATION Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis 110 Recruiting 132 Foundations of Selection 154 PART 4 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesSOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://stats.bls.gov/ecopro.table6.htm GLOBAL COMPETITION One major factor affecting these shifts is the globalization of economic forces. As seen the past few years, the collapse of Asian economies had significant effects on U.S.-based organizations. One estimate by U.S. government statisticians is that over 25% of all U.S. manufacturing workers hold jobs dependent on exporting goods to other countries. This is particularly true withRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pages............................................................. 178 Strategy Formulation ..............................................202 IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES TO STRATEGY ............................................................ 203 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS................................ 206 INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY .................................. 219 HUMAN RESOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATEGY ............................................................ 232 STRATEGY-DRIVEN ROLE BEHAVIORSRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesThree Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American Time 171 Myth or Science? Creative Decision Making Is a Right-Brain Activity 181 Self-Assessment Library Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? 183 An Ethical Choice Whose Ethical Standards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How Creative Am I? 190Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Types of Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 The LIS Education and Human Resource Utilization Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 The Organizational Framework for Staffing . . . . . . . . . 216 Job Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Job Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Job Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesfall of communism in E astern Europe, he has been actively involved in management education programs sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development in Albania and Macedonia, and in U.S. Information Agency programs involving the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. For example, Professor Luthans’ recent international research involves his construct of positive psychological capital (PsyCap). He and colleagues have published their research demonstrating theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages iii Cases 221 221 225 The Consolidated Life Case: Caught Between Corporate Cultures Who’s in Charge? (The)(Jim)(Davis)(Case) Morin−Jarrell †¢ Driving Shareholder Value I. Valuation 229 229 253 279 1. The Value−Based Management Framework: An Overview 2. Why Value Value? 4. The Value Manager Harvard Business Review Finance Articles Eclipse of the Public Corporation 308 308 323 323 330 330 Article How I Learned to Live with Wall Street Article Second Thoughts on GoingRead MoreReport on Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan81517 Words   |  327 PagesUnit (billion BTU) 1 million Joules 948 BTU 3.97 BTU 159 liter 6.29 bbl 1,000 Kilogram (kg) 2.2046 pounds (lb) 1 million ton Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB AG AJK ARL CF CIDA CIF CIM CNG COS DGG DGO DGPC DWT EP EIA EPA FATA FO FOB FOTCO FSU GDS Asian Development Bank Arab Gulf Azad Jammu Kashmir Attock Refinery Limited Cost and Freight Canadian International Development Agency Cost, Insurance, and Freight Central Inspectorate of Mines Compressed Natural Gas Cost of Service Directorate General

White and black box Project software testing Free Essays

Introduction There were different ways of testing the software, white box testing and black box testing. In the white box testing, it looks into the covers and into the details of the whole software we created enabling us to see what’s happening inside it. On the other hand, black box testing just looks into the available inputs for the software and what expected outputs are that should result from each input not concerning within the inner work of the software. We will write a custom essay sample on White and black box Project software testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now So this makes a difference of the area they choose to focus on. (www.testplan.com, 7th Feb 2011) Hence going through the black box testing and white box testing, we as a testing team thought of using black box testing as it its more appropriate for our software which involves security testing and usability testing. So being two persons in the testing team it was easy for us to divide the task. I took usability testing where as my other group mate did security testing. As soon as we got the final copy of the working software, I checked the whole software if it works as it says or not. We first had to install a program called WampServer to run our software. I ran the software and checked the web design whether it is user friendly or not. This helps for the ease of use of the software for our customers or the users. The index page looked like as below: And the survey page which is the main page looked like one below: Page 1: Page 2: We also have details about the data protection to make sure that this software we created is copyrighted and also mentioned stuff like information we collect from the users, IP addresses and cookies, uses made of the information, users rights, data security and access to information. We also have a page where the users or the customers will know about us. We also have features for disabled person who have to click â€Å"high visibility† in the index page to access it. It is mainly for the people who are suffering from colour blindness or have partial visual impairment so we made the font bigger and used just three colours for the whole website and looked like below: The above snap shot is of the first page for the disabled users. As we can see that it hasn’t got much of colour contrast and the font are bigger. We have used white and yellow text and blue as the background to avoid visual glairiness because through research we have found that the people with low vision sees this colour more comfortably. Then we got the survey page whose layout is also similar as the above one. This is the survey page for the disabled users. We used bigger fonts through the whole webpage and maintained a text format meaning that we have got rid of all the necessary decorations and kept it simple. Both a â€Å"Normal† and â€Å"High Visibility† web page contains exactly the same information and has the same format. The only difference is in term of graphic so that it provides better visibility. After testing the usability of the software and modifying the software till it was perfect, it was time for us to conduct the usability testing with other user. Before using the usability testing method we need to understand what usability means. It doesn’t mean to have perfect software with no errors or having good features. It should help the customers or the users to use the software or any other products quickly and easily to gain the goal and hence accomplish the tasks. In this project, our task was to build a micro questionnaire data gather which should consist of a website and database to store the information. This website displays an introductory descriptive paragraph and displays four related questions where one of the questions is the central question and the other three are associated questions whose answers will build up a composite answer which will validate or not any information given to the real question. So the users had to go to the index page, choose which graphic they prefer to use and give answers to the questions. I chose two methods of usability testing for our software and they are user and expert review. User testing: In this method of testing, I chose 5 different users. Three of them were GCSE level students and two of them were students from the university. The software was ready in my laptop to be used and then told them what they had to do with the software. I also requested them to give some feedback about the website itself. Then all of them started going through the website, looking through the layouts, fonts, colour, etc. This test was done individually in different places. Then they read the question and answered them as per their own thinking. There was one user who used glasses so I asked him to take it off n use the â€Å"high visibility† layout if he doesn’t mind and he did. The feedback was quite good as well. He described about the colours and size of the fonts which were of perfect match and even the contrast to the background were easy for them to read. They also gave feedback about the navigation of the website which was pretty much easy. Expert Review: In this method we involved an expert for inspecting the software. We asked him to examine the whole website and give us feed back. I took started the software and then he examined the whole software. Feedback from user testing: The layouts of the website were well presented. The contrasts of the colour were chosen well. The colours for the high visibility were chosen well. It was user friendly. It was easy to learn how to use it. Navigations of the software were simple. It has an appealing layout. It provided objective information to the users. Storing of data was effective n efficient. Refrences: http://www.testplant.com/download_files/BB_vs_WB_Testing.pdf, 7th Feb 2011 Usability inspection methods, Jakob Nelsen, Sunsoft and Robert L. Mack, IBM T.J. Watson research centre Interaction design – beyond human computer interaction, second edition, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd Usability Testing and Research, Carol M. Barnum, Southern Polytechnic State University How to cite White and black box Project software testing, Essay examples

Historical Foundations of Australian Law Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Provide a summary of the constitution that your tribe developed in Workshop. 2.Research a legal system of a foreign country and explain how it addresses the requirements of Harts 3-part legal system. 3.Research a single case and report to your supervising partner advising him or her about the case. Answers: 1.A summary of the Constitution of developed by the tribe is provided as below: The Constitution of the tribe aims at providing welfare of the community and purports to act in the best interest of the tribe. It states that a group of persons shall be nominated by the people of the tribe who shall be conferred with the powers to implement the rules and regulations made by the decision-makers that is, the eldest members of the tribe. Such group of persons shall ensure that the decisions made by the decision-makers are executed effectively. The Constitution of the tribe states that such rules and regulations shall have equal application for each members of the tribe. In case of any uncertainty with respect to the primary rules, the constitution shall lay down secondary rules that would ensure the certainty of the primary rules. Further, such secondary rules shall rectify the rigidity of the primary rules and in the event, of any infringement of the primary rules, the secondary rules shall be applied to adjudicate such primary rules[1]. The members of the tribe shall elect group of persons who shall be conferred with the power to address and resolve the issues that may arise out if the decisions or rules made by the decision-makers of the tribe. The legal theory introduced by Prof. Hart is based on two principles- primary and secondary rules. According to Prof. Hart, it is sufficient that a community can sustain on primary rules, however, the primary rules are subject to certain shortcomings such uncertainty, stagnancy and inefficiency[2]. The shortcomings of the primary rules can be remedied with the introduction of the secondary rules. The secondary rules of recognition are the most common secondary rules that aims at rectifying the issues related to the uncertainty of the primary rules[3]. The secondary rules of change shall lay down the procedure to vary, add, introduce, modify the rigid primary rules and incorporate new rules as per the requirements of the changing needs and circumstances of the society[4]. The secondary rules of adjudication shall be applied in order to adjudicate the violation of the primary rules or to determine whether there has been a breach of the primary rules at all. In the given scenario, the protestors of the tribe are not contented with the decisions made by the eldest members of the tribe as they allege that the decision-makers are biased and in case their family is involved with any offense or misconduct, they tend to give decisions in favour of their own family members. Moreover, they do not provide reasons to justify the decisions, which give rise to unnecessary arguments among the tribe members, as they tend to apply their reasons to the decisions[5]. Furthermore, once the eldest members or the decision-makers of the tribe gave their decisions regarding any matter in dispute, the decision cannot be challenged even if such decision is unfair or bias, hence completely denies justice to the aggrieved person. The decisions given by the decision-makers of the tribe do not have a binding effect. It fails to bind the wrongdoer and the other members of the community and the victim does not have a say against such decision. The Constitution of the tribe laid down provisions related to the secondary rules of change, recognition and adjudication. The Constitution states that the secondary rules shall address and resolve the issues that may arise out of the primary rules of the tribe. In case of an infringement of the primary rules, the decision-makers may resort to the procedure outlined by the secondary rules of adjudication to determine any violation of the primary rules and act accordingly in order to ensure effective administration of justice. With the application of the legal theory introduced by Prof. Hart, the decisions made by the decision makers shall have a binding effect upon the wrongdoer as well as upon the entire community. The secondary rules of adjudication shall determine whether there was a breach of the Constitutional rules and if so, the wrongdoer shall be held liable for it. Thus, it would enable to administer justice top the victim and with justified reasons given for the decisions, the community shall become by the decision and shall think before committing similar offense or misconduct 2.The legal system in Austral Legal System is different from the legal system of the tribe with respect to the binding nature, recognition and the enforceability of the statutory rules. The tribal legal system the decisions taken by the decision-makers are biased and no jreaosns are provided to justify the decisions made by them. The other members of the tribe usually apply their own logical reasoning and this gives rise to unnecessary arguments aamong the tribe members, thus, breaking the unity within the tribal community[6]. Moreover, the victims of the tribe are denied justice as the decisions made by the eldest members or the decision makers of the tribe are biased in nature and it lacks binding effect. Therefore, the decision neither bind the wrongdoers nor the other members of the community.The victims are not entitled to challenge the decisions even if it is unfair and wrong. Furthermore, the decision given regarding a matter in dispute, the same decision is not followed while dealing with same issue subse quently, irrespective of the fact that the facts and circumstances of the subsequent issue is completely same. There is irregularity in the legal system followed by the tribal community. The legal system of Australia derives its sources from Common law and Parliamentary laws or the statutory laws. It follows the doctrine of separation of powers introduced by the English legal system. The doctrine of separation of power states that therte are three separate branches of the government the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature comprises the Parliament that is empowered to frame laws which are known as statutory laws or Parliamentary laws. The Executive comprises the Ministers who are under the statutory obligation to administer or implement the laws legislated by the Parliament. The Judiciary comprises the courts and the judges who are empowered to interpret the laws legislated by the Parliament and implemented by the executive. The courts shall also adjudicate matters in dispute that arises out of the violation of the statutory laws. It would also determine whether there is an infringement of the statutes at all and if so, the wrongdoer shall b e punished accordingly[7]. The significance of the separation of powers is that these three organs of the government act separately and independently. They do not interfere with each others responsibilities. The decision made by the courts is binding upon the parties to the dispute, the society and upon the subordinate courts as well. The decision of the superior courts is followed by the subordinate courts in the event they adjudicate matters that have already been adjudicated by the superior courts, provided the facts and circumstances of the subsequent matter is similar. This is known as the doctrine of stare decisis or precedents or judge made laws. The courts make rules where there are no provisions made in the statutes and unlike the legal system of the tribe, the courts provide ratio decidendi that is, a valid reason to justify their decisions[8]. Further, under the tribal legal system the decision of the decision-makers cannot be challenged even if it is wrong, unfair or biased. However, in the Australian legal system, if any person is aggrieved before the decision of et court, the person is entitle to prefer an appeal before the appellate court. In case of the legal system followed by the tribe, the eldest members make the decisions without listening to both the parties to the dispute. In the Australian legal system, before deciding matter, the court shall provide opportunities to both the parties and allow both the parties to the dispute to adduce sufficient evidences and advance their respective contentions. After perusing the evidences, the court shall decide against the wrongdoer and entitle the aggrieved person to challenge such decision. However, both the legal systems have certain similarities. The victim at times is incapable of adducing sufficient evidence due to their inaccessibility to the justice system. The rigid nature of the laws and the social pressure acts as a hindrance to the legal systems. The procedure that is followed to amend, vary or add new rules is time consuming and often takes years to administer justice to the aggrieved person. A significant difference between the legal systems that have a major impact in practice is the independence and the binding nature of the legal rules. The three organs act separately and their respective responsibilities do not overlap with each others responsibilities. Whereas, the legal system of the tribe does not have any separate entities to frame, administer or adjudicate the rules[9]. Therefore, the probability of biased decisions and denial of justice is high in the tribal legal system as compared to the Australian legal system. 3.ACCC v TPG Internet Pty Ltd [2013] HCA 54 Facts In this case, TPG was involved in a multi-media ad campaign and was using newspapers, radio, TV and websites as a means to offer Unlimited ADSL2+ an internet broadband service worth $29.99 per month to its customers. However, the offer was only available if the customers subscribed to the TPGs home phone service, which was worth $30/month and was required to make commitment of minimum 6 months. Further, the customers must pay an additional set up fee of $129.95 and a deposit fee of $20 as telephone charges. The charges were mentioned in the advertisement in fine print under the headline offer. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) acknowledged TPG regarding the fact that the ad was misleading and consequently, TPG made necessary changes by enlarging the size of the ad, in particular the texts that was advertising the additional costs. The ACCC was not contented with the ad and the changes that TPG incorporated in the ad. It initiated a legal proceeding against TPG on the ground that the ad was misleading and deceptive owing to the difference between the original headline offer of $29.99 and the original term of the offer. Issue Whether TPGs advertisement amounted to misleading and deceptive advertisement under section 18 of the Australian Consumer law Rule According to section 18 of the Australian Consumer law (formerly section 52 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth), any action that is misleading or deceptive or is likely to mislead or deceive any person is strictly prohibited under the Act. Misleading advertisements often have an adverse effect upon the purchasing preferences of the customers. Any conduct is considered as misleading or deceptive if such conduct induces a customer to commit an error. It is pertinent to establish that there was some kind of a casual connection between the conduct in the advertisement and the error made by the person by relying on the misleading and deceptive conduct. The aggrieved person must establish that the advertisement induced such person to rely on the misleading and deceptiveness of the advertisement that made the person to commit the error. In case of any infringement of the laws that causes damage to the consumers, the aggrieved person shall be entitled to compensation under section 236 of the ACL for the damages suffered as a result of the deceptiveness and the misleading nature of the advertisement. Further, an injunction may be granted by the court under section 237 of ACL against the wrongdoer. Application The High Court asserted the significance of section 18 of the Act that it safeguards the interests of the consumers. It stated that in order to determine the deceptiveness of an advertisement, regards must be had to the circumstances and the information received by the consumers regarding the advertisement. In the case, the advertisement was showed in a manner that it cannot be expected from the consumers to pay close attention to the advertisement. The court further emphasized that if a representation creates a particular mental impression in the minds of the consumers with the intention to do so, then such representation shall be considered to be deceptive or misleading. Conclusion Therefore, TPG was held liable as the advertisement was misleading or deceptive under section 18 of the ACL and was entitled to pay penalty for the same. The court refused to exempt the companies from their liabilities on the ground that they relied on the fine print disclaimers. The Court asserted that the companies should focus on the kind of impression the advertisements create in the minds of the consumers. Reference list Brudner, Alan.The unity of the common law. OUP Oxford, 2013. Cole, Jared P. "The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers." (2014). Fras-Aceituno, Jos V., Lzaro Rodrguez-Ariza, and Isabel M. Garca-Snchez. "Is integrated reporting determined by a country's legal system? An exploratory study."Journal of Cleaner Production44 (2013): 45-55. Huq, Aziz Z. "Libertarian Separation of Powers." (2014). Lindsay, Geoff. "Building a Nation: The Doctrine of Precedent in Australian Legal History."Historical Foundations of Australian Law: Institutions, Concepts and Personalities(2013): 267. Michaels, Jon D. "An Enduring, Evolving Separation of Powers."Columbia Law Review(2015): 515-597. Rubenstein, David S. "Administrative Federalism as Separation of Powers." (2015). Rubenstein, David S. "Administrative Federalism as Separation of Powers." (2015). Vines, Prue.Law and Justice in Australia: Foundations of the legal system. Oxford University Press, 2013. Waldron, Jeremy. "Separation of powers in thought and practice."BCL Rev.54 (2013): 433. Fras-Aceituno, Jos V., Lzaro Rodrguez-Ariza, and Isabel M. Garca-Snchez. "Is integrated reporting determined by a country's legal system? An exploratory study."Journal of Cleaner Production44 (2013): 45-55. Vines, Prue.Law and Justice in Australia: Foundations of the legal system. Oxford University Press, 2013. Huq, Aziz Z. "Libertarian Separation of Powers." (2014). Rubenstein, David S. "Administrative Federalism as Separation of Powers." (2015). Lindsay, Geoff. "Building a Nation: The Doctrine of Precedent in Australian Legal History."Historical Foundations of Australian Law: Institutions, Concepts and Personalities(2013): 267 Michaels, Jon D. "An Enduring, Evolving Separation of Powers."Columbia Law Review(2015): 515-597. Cole, Jared P. "The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers." (2014). Rubenstein, David S. "Administrative Federalism as Separation of Powers." (2015). Brudner, Alan.The unity of the common law. OUP Oxford, 2013

Representation Journalism Essay Example For Students

Representation Journalism Essay In this piece, this essay will be discussing Aboriginal representation in the media. It includes many texts in the study; these will include Jedda from the 1950s, Barbakuaria from the 1980s and finally a Sydney Mail picture, from 1917. To analyze the texts they will be compared it with the cultural expressions of the time created. There are also comments on the framing and how the story affected the final representation of the Aboriginals, and if the text portrayed the publics views correctly for that time. In Australia during the 1950s, a process put into practice called the Assimilation policy. It was designed to civilise Aboriginal children who were not full blood. The children taken were either fostered or sent to missions for domestic service. This was the birth of the stolen generation. The text representing this time was Jedda. Jedda was the first colour film with real aboriginal actors, the movie had an anti- assimilation storyline, and with one of the main characters saying, you cant change a 40,000 year old culture in one generation. Civilization is how you see it, these people have a different way, thats all. The film followed Jedda, a young Aboriginal who was brought up in a white family after her mother was died, she is curious about her peoples culture, but she is very restricted by her adopted mother. We see Jedda watching the aboriginals from the homestead leave for their walk and welcoming them home, we see the longing in her eyes, and we feel for her. We then see the mother discouraging her, keeping her from playing with the other Aboriginals, making sure she stays in her clean western clothes. When Marbuck steals Jedda away from the camp, by seducing her with his traditional Aboriginal magic, it shows the more wild and uncivilized view of the Aboriginals. He seams mad and shown in a stereotypical way, with scars and a loincloth being his main characteristics. There are no positive portrayals of traditional Aborigines, we see this when Marbuck takes Jedda to his tribe, and they would rather kill her than let him marry her. They curse him, even though he is a member of their tribe, for bringing an outsider to the meeting place. This seams to show all Aboriginal tribes as uncivilized savages, which destroys the whole point of making it an anti-assimilation movie. Despite the films good intentions, it ultimately portrays most Aboriginal characters in negative ways and maintains some damaging stereotypes. Criticized as being too fatalistic, the Hollywood style did not suit this story, and the Aboriginal people who had an input would probably be ashamed with the way it turned out. In Australia, during 1800s and 1900s, European settlement started to spread across the country. There was a lot of conflict over land, with masses of blacks and whites dying, but more Aborigines due to the white settlers having superior weapons. The Aboriginals were represented as a menace to white lives. The Sydney Mail photograph shows an Aboriginal woman in the background with a spear, and a tombstone in the front saying Speared by blacks. The figures in the background are of a female with spear, showing ignorance, because in typical tribes, the women do not use weapons, the weapon is there to suggest violence and possibly scare the reader into believing the reporter took some great risk in taking the photo. The date on the tombstone indicates it is not news and only been taken to promote fear to the public. This photo represents Aborigines as primitive, uncivilized and violent, a threat to all white people. This photo is typical of the time, and probably achieved its point of scaring the public. .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 , .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .postImageUrl , .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 , .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:hover , .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:visited , .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:active { border:0!important; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:active , .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7 .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2159cf23e87050ab99cdd6d5b93d86f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art essay fine art In 1980s Australia, land rights claims for Aborigines were abundant. They were shown as radicals and possibly violent, people saw their typical behavior as petrol sniffing drunks through the media and although this was the case for a few, not many actually did either of those. Barbakuaria showed a twisted version of the historical events, putting Aborigines as the settlers, and white people as the indigenous Australians. A reporter lived with a typical white family, saw them split up during the assimilation time, and commented on how they never smile when photographed. We saw the younger boy say what they were thinking, about asking how they can smile when they have nothing. The movie shows how vain people are, as it made the public feel sorry for the whites, but they still wouldnt feel for the Aborigines .